WHAT IS GENITAL HERPES?
Genital herpes is a sexually transmitted disease caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV). There are two types of this virus, HSV1 and HSV2. HSV1 typically causes sores known as cold sores around the mouth and lips. Both types of HSV, particularly HSV2, can cause genital herpes.
WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS OF GENITAL HERPES?
Genital herpes often presents no symptoms. If symptoms do occur, they may include:
Painful blisters in the genital area, around the anus, or nearby.
Blisters that break open and form painful ulcers, which heal within two to four weeks.
Flu-like symptoms such as fever and headache accompanying the initial outbreak of symptoms.
Recurring outbreaks of genital herpes are common. Subsequent outbreaks typically have shorter durations and less severity. Although the infection persists in the body, the frequency of outbreaks tends to decrease over time.
HOW DOES GENITAL HERPES SPREAD?
Genital herpes is transmitted through sexual intercourse with an individual who has the disease, whether it’s anal, oral, or vaginal. HSV1 and HSV2 can be present in the sores of infected individuals, as well as in areas of seemingly normal skin, making transmission possible even when the partner is asymptomatic.
HOW IS GENITAL HERPES DIAGNOSED?
If you’ve been examined during an outbreak, a diagnosis of genital herpes can typically be made through clinical examination by healthcare professionals. Samples may also be taken from the sores during outbreaks for testing. Blood tests during asymptomatic periods can also help determine if someone has genital herpes. It’s advisable to discuss these testing options with your doctor.
WHAT ARE THE RISKS IF I HAVE GENITAL HERPES?
Painful genital sores caused by genital herpes can significantly impact daily life. Individuals with compromised immune systems may experience more severe symptoms.
Touching the sores or fluids from the sores can spread the infection to other parts of the body, potentially leading to serious complications, especially in areas like the eyes.
Genital herpes, by causing skin and mucosal lesions, increases the risk of acquiring other sexually transmitted infections, particularly HIV infection.
Individuals with genital herpes may have concerns about how the condition will affect their health, sexual life, and relationships. It’s advisable to discuss these concerns with a doctor.
HOW DOES GENITAL HERPES AFFECT A PREGNANT WOMAN AND HER BABY?
If you’re pregnant and either you or your partner has genital herpes, it’s essential to inform your doctor. Genital herpes can sometimes result in premature birth or miscarriage. Rarely, it can be transmitted from mother to baby during childbirth, potentially causing a life-threatening infection (neonatal herpes). If you have active genital herpes during labor, your doctor may opt for a cesarean section.
IS THERE A TREATMENT FOR GENITAL HERPES?
There is no cure for genital herpes, but certain medications (antiviral therapies) can help prevent or shorten outbreaks, reduce their frequency and severity, and lower the risk of transmission between partners.
HOW CAN I PROTECT MYSELF FROM GENITAL HERPES?
The most reliable method is to abstain from sexual intercourse or to have a monogamous relationship with an uninfected partner.
Correct and consistent use of latex condoms can reduce the risk of genital herpes. However, it’s worth noting that genital herpes can still occur in areas not covered by the condom.
Individuals with genital herpes should avoid sexual contact with others during active symptomatic periods. It’s important to remember that even without symptoms, a person with genital herpes can still transmit the infection.
If you have genital herpes, you should also be tested for other sexually transmitted infections. It’s essential to inform your partners about your condition.
